GSE12021

Identification of inter-individual and gene-specific variances in mRNA expression profiles in the RA SM

Whole-study status Not suitable

Dataset does not meet the current suitability threshold.

Whole-study downloads — these do not apply your sample requirements.

Selected cohort requirements

Samples meeting selected requirements: 0 cases / 0 controls

View matching samples

24 case / 13 control samples elsewhere in the study have incomplete or conflicting evidence; they are not included above

Patient pairs verified in indexed sample metadata: 0

A case/control comparison meeting these requirements is not confirmed.

Counts describe samples, not independent patients. Pair verification uses explicit subject identifiers in indexed sample metadata. Zero verified pairs does not establish that the study is unpaired; reported matched-normal design alone is insufficient.

Summary

Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and destructive joint disease, characterized by overexpression of pro-inflammatory/-destructive genes and other activating genes (e.g., proto-oncogenes) in the synovial membrane (SM). The gene expression in disease is often characterized by significant inter-individual variances via specific synchronization/ desynchronization of gene expression. To elucidate the contribution of the variance to the pathogenesis of disease, expression variances were tested in SM samples of RA patients, osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and normal controls (NC). Results. For the comparison between RA and NC, 568 genes with significantly different variances in the 2 groups (p < 0.05; Bonferroni/Holm corrected Brown-Forsythe version of the Levene-Test) were selected. For the comparison between RA and OA, 333 genes were selected. Using the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), 10 pathways/complexes significantly affected by higher gene expression variances were identified in RA compared to NC, including cytokine – cytokine receptor interactions, the TGF-pathway, and anti-apoptosis. Compared to OA, 3 pathways with significantly higher variances were identified in RA (e.g., B cell receptor signaling, VEGF signaling). Functionally, the majority of the identified pathways is involved in the regulation of inflammation, proliferation, cell survival, and angiogenesis. Conclusion. In RA, a number of disease-relevant or even disease-specific pathways/complexes are characterized by broad intra-group, inter-individual expression variances. This indicates that RA pathogenesis in different individuals may depend to a lesser extent on common alterations of the expression of specific key genes, but on individual-specific alterations of different genes resulting in common disturbances of key pathways.

Overall design

Expression variances were tested in synovial membrane samples of rheumatoid arthritis patients, osteoarthritis patients, and normal controls (see publication for further details).

Source Evidence

4 sources
Source Contribution Status
GEO

Original dataset metadata, sample metadata, source links, and GEO data availability flags.

Sample records
57 GSM samples
Primary source
recount3

Planned trusted source for processed count availability.

No match found
Expression Atlas

Planned source for curated expression experiment links.

No match found
PubMed

Primary GEO citations and related PubMed articles that mention this dataset.

21 linked publications 21 DOIs

Primary publication

  1. Identification of intra-group, inter-individual, and gene-specific variances in mRNA expression profiles in the rheumatoid arthritis synovial membrane. Arthritis research & therapy, 2008

Related publications

  1. Gender inequality in osteoarthritis: a bioinformatics perspective. Clinical rheumatology, 2026
  2. Identification of potential key efferocytosis-related genes in rheumatoid arthritis using machine learning. Clinical rheumatology, 2026
  3. Shared molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: Focus on EIF3B, KHSRP, NCL, PDCD1LG2, and SLC25A37. Cytokine, 2025
  4. Identification of key pathways and biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue through comprehensive transcriptomic integration. Journal of orthopaedics, 2026
  5. Unveiling CDKN1A and RELA: Machine learning-driven aging biomarkers for precision diagnosis and therapy in knee osteoarthritis. Journal of orthopaedics, 2026
  6. MSX2 serves as a chondroprotective factor in osteoarthritis: insights from expression analysis and functional validation studies. Experimental cell research, 2026
  7. Kaempferol alleviates rheumatoid arthritis through pyroptosis based on bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Scientific reports, 2024
  8. Identification and experimental verification of biomarkers related to butyrate metabolism in osteoarthritis. Scientific reports, 2025
  9. Identification of Autophagy-Associated Molecular Signatures in Osteoarthritis Revealed by Integrative Multi-Omics and Experimental Validation. Chemical biology & drug design, 2026
  10. Exploring heat shock protein-related biomarkers and subgroups in osteoarthritis using Gene Expression Omnibus data sets. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2025
  11. STAT1 transcriptionally activates CXCL13 to promote cell inflammation and proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2026
  12. Programmed cell death-related gene S100A9 promotes macrophage M1 polarization and chondrocyte apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Biology direct, 2026
  13. Analysis of common differential gene expression between rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis. PloS one, 2026
  14. Identification of common genes and biomarkers between Dermatomyositis and rheumatoid arthritis through integrated bioinformatics. PloS one, 2026
  15. KIF11 promotes rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis by activating M1 macrophage polarization and promoting inflammatory cytokine secretion. PloS one, 2026
  16. Integrated Multi-Level Investigation of Friend Leukemia Integration 1 Transcription Factor as a Novel Immune-Inflammatory Biomarker in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Bridging Bioinformatics, Clinical Cohorts, and Mechanistic Validation. Journal of inflammation research, 2025
  17. YTHDC1 Regulates the Migration, Invasion, Proliferation, and Apoptosis of Rheumatoid Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. Frontiers in immunology, 2024
  18. Identify the potential target of efferocytosis in knee osteoarthritis synovial tissue: a bioinformatics and machine learning-based study. Frontiers in immunology, 2025
  19. Exploration of differential expression and biological significance of amino acid metabolism genes in osteoarthritis. Frontiers in immunology, 2025
  20. Identification of telomere-related diagnostic markers in osteoarthritis based on bioinformatics analysis and machine learning. The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology, 2025
Available

Metadata Quality Components

Analysis Readiness

Review before analysis
85% DE readiness

Contrast completeness

25/25 pts

Both case and control groups are present in the proposed grouping.

Minimum group size

20/20 pts

Each contrast group has at least 2 samples.

Processed data availability

20/20 pts

Processed data is marked available in the GEO index.

Sample decision clarity

3/15 pts

Unassigned or review-needed samples remain before analysis.

Blocking warnings

7/10 pts

Warnings are present, but none are critical blockers.

Metadata normalization

10/10 pts

Metadata quality is high enough to support downstream handoff.

Blockers

  • 20 samples are still unassigned.

Next Steps

  • Resolve unassigned or review-needed samples in the grouping table.

Analysis Preparation Checklist

4/6 ready

Group labels reviewed

Needs review

Siftome proposed case and control labels, but no reviewer confirmation is stored yet.

Open the sample grouping CSV and confirm group labels before analysis.

Minimum sample count met

Ready

Both groups meet the minimum of 2 samples.

Confirm whether the cohort is large enough for the intended statistical analysis.

Processed counts available

Ready

Processed data availability is marked true in the GEO index.

Verify that downloaded processed files contain usable count or expression identifiers.

Ambiguous samples handled

Needs review

0 review-needed samples and 20 unassigned samples remain.

Resolve ambiguous and unassigned samples before finalizing the contrast.

Exclusion decisions recorded

Ready

No hard-excluded samples were detected by the current rules.

Record any manual exclusions in the downstream analysis notes.

Source traceability preserved

Ready

The dataset and sample accessions can be traced back to GEO.

Keep GEO accessions with exported metadata.

Bioinformatician Review

Bioinformatician review required

Ask a bioinformatician to review grouping, count availability, exclusions, and design before DE.

Analysis readiness has blockers that must be resolved before DE.

One or more samples are unassigned and need manual grouping decisions.

Assay context may require expert handling before DESeq2-style analysis.

Why This Is Ranked Here

Tumor vs normal
Not suitable Dataset does not meet the current suitability threshold.

Applied Review Decisions

No active review decisions affect this ranking.

Derived Classifications

  • Assay differs from search intent Microarray Search intent expects bulk RNA-seq. Assay came from Normalization rules.
  • Disease context Rheumatoid arthritis Disease context came from Normalization rules.
  • Likely case group Rheumatoid arthritis 24 samples
  • Likely control group Healthy control 13 samples

Intent Interpretation

  • Downgrade or exclusion reason Downgraded assay: microarray cohorts are separated from the RNA-seq intent. Derived from current-intent ranking reasons.

Ranking Facts

Supporting evidence

  • Comparison: Disease/model vs control. Specimen: Tissue. Comparison suitability: 0%.
  • Interpreted disease metadata: Rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Processed data is available for downstream review.
  • External evidence: PubMed links 21 publications; 21 DOIs available: PMID 18721452, PMID 39534605, PMID 39616227, PMID 40059948, PMID 40083558.
  • Publication context: Identification of intra-group, inter-individual, and gene-specific variances in mRNA expression profiles in the rheumatoid arthritis synovial membrane.. Arthritis research & therapy, 2008. PMID 18721452. DOI 10.1186/ar2485.
  • Publication context: YTHDC1 Regulates the Migration, Invasion, Proliferation, and Apoptosis of Rheumatoid Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes.. Frontiers in immunology, 2024. PMID 39534605. DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1440398.
  • Publication context: Kaempferol alleviates rheumatoid arthritis through pyroptosis based on bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.. Scientific reports, 2024. PMID 39616227. DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-81833-w.
  • Publication context: 18 additional linked PubMed publications are available.

Cautions

  • Downgraded assay: microarray cohorts are separated from the RNA-seq intent.
  • Disease/control design without a tumor/normal comparison is outside tumor/normal triage.
  • Overall score capped because comparison suitability is weak for the selected search intent.
  • Comparison suitability score is below the Phase 1 recommended threshold.

Dataset Warnings

Normalized Fields

168 fields

Sample Group Preview

57 rows shown
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Study totals: Case 24 | Control 13 | Unassigned 20 | Excluded 0 | Ambiguous 0 57 rows shown
Group Role Accession Title Source / characteristics Reason
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM302872 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB20 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB20 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: M; Age: 75; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM302874 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB20 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB20 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: M; Age: 75; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM302882 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB27 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB27 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: F; Age: 79; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM302895 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB27 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB27 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: F; Age: 79; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM302896 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB30 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB30 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: F; Age: 62; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM302897 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB30 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB30 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: F; Age: 62; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM302900 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB35 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB35 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: F; Age: 66; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM302905 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB35 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB35 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: F; Age: 66; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM302924 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB40 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB40 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: F; Age: 64; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM302926 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB40 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB40 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: F; Age: 64; Disease: Rheumatoid arthrits Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM302927 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB41 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB41 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: F; Age: 63; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM302929 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB41 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB41 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: F; Age: 63; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM302933 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB56 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB56 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: F; Age: 46; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM302934 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB56 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB56 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: F; Age: 46; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM302943 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB74 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB74 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: F; Age: 71; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM302944 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB74 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB74 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: F; Age: 71; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM303364 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB108 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB108 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: F; Age: 73; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM303365 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB108 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB108 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: F; Age 73; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM303366 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB110 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB110 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: M; Age: 47; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM303367 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB110 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB110 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: M; Age: 47; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM303368 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB124 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB124 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: M; Age: 59; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM303369 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB124 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB124 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: M; Age: 59; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM303520 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB141 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB141 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: F; Age: 73; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Rheumatoid arthritis Case GSM303521 Rheumatoid arthritis, synovial membrane patient EB141 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB141 (rheumatoid arthritis) Sex: F; Age: 73; Disease: Rheumatoid arthritis Case marker detected.
Healthy control Control GSM302859 Normal, synovial membrane patient EB 125 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB 125 (normal controls) Sex: M; Age: 61; Normal control Sample-local control marker detected.
Healthy control Control GSM302864 Normal, synovial membrane patient EB 184 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB 184 (normal control) Sex: M; Age: 64; Normal controls Sample-local control marker detected.
Healthy control Control GSM302866 Normal, synovial membrane patient EB188 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB188 (normal control) Sex: F; Age: 88; Normal control Sample-local control marker detected.
Healthy control Control GSM302870 Normal, synovial membrane patient EB228 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB228 (normal control) Sex: M; Age: 65; Normal control Sample-local control marker detected.
Healthy control Control GSM303522 Normal, synovial membrane patient J19 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient J19 (normal control) Sex: M; Age: 53; Normal control Sample-local control marker detected.
Healthy control Control GSM303523 Normal, synovial membrane patient J2 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient J2 (normal control) Sex: F; Age: 29; Normal controls Sample-local control marker detected.
Healthy control Control GSM303524 Normal, synovial membrane patient J2 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient J2 (normal control) Sex: F; Age: 29; Normal controls Sample-local control marker detected.
Healthy control Control GSM303525 Normal, synovial membrane patient J6 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient J6 (normal control) Sex: M; Age: 17; Normal control Sample-local control marker detected.
Healthy control Control GSM303530 Normal, synovial membrane patient J6 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient J6 (normal control) Sex: M; Age: 17; Normal control Sample-local control marker detected.
Healthy control Control GSM303531 Normal, synovial membrane patient J7 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient J7 (normal control) Sex: M; Age: 39; Normal control Sample-local control marker detected.
Healthy control Control GSM303532 Normal, synovial membrane patient J7 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient J7 (normal control) Sex: M; Age: 39; Normal control Sample-local control marker detected.
Healthy control Control GSM303533 Normal, synovial membrane patient J12 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient J12 (normal control) Sex: M; Age: 36; Normal control Sample-local control marker detected.
Healthy control Control GSM303534 Normal, synovial membrane patient J12 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient J12 (normal control) Sex: M; Age: 36; Normal control Sample-local control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM302876 Osteoarthrisits, synovial membrane patient EB21 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB21 (osteoarthrisits) Sex: F; Age: 77; Disease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM302878 Osteoarthritis, synovial membrane patient EB21 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB21 (oateoarthritis) Sex: F; Age: 77; Disease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM302880 Osteoarthritis, synovial membrane patient EB24 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB24 (osteoarthritis) Sex: F; Age: 71; Disease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM302881 Osteoarthritis, synovial membrane patient EB24 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB24 (osteoarthritis) Sex: F; Age: 71; Disease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM302930 Osteoarthritis, synovial membrane patient EB54 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB54 (osteoarthritis) Sex: F; Age: 76; Disease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM302932 Osteoarthritis, synovial membrane patient EB54 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB54 (osteoarthritis) Sex: F; Age: 76; Disease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM303326 Osteoarthritis, synovial membrane patient EB90 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB90 (osteoarthritis) Sex: F; Age: 61; Diesease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM303339 Osteoarthritis, synovial membrane patient EB90 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB90 (osteoarthritis) Sex: F; Age: 61; Disease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM303341 Osteoarthritis, synovial membrane patient EB94 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB94 (osteoarthritis) Sex: F; Age: 75; Disease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM303355 Osteoarthritis, synovial membrane patient EB94 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB94 (osteoarthritis) Sex: F; Age: 75; Disease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM303356 Osteoarthritis, synovial membrane patient EB97 (Affymetrx U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB97 (osteoarthritis) Sex: M; Age: 78; Disease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM303357 Osteoarthritis, synovial membrane patient EB97 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB97 (osteoarthritis) Sex: M; Age: 78; Disease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM303358 Osteoarthritis, synovial membrane patient EB99 (Affymetrx U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB99 (osteoarthritis) Sex: M; Age: 64; Disease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM303359 Osteoarthritis, synovial membrane patient EB99 (Affymetrx U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB99 (osteoarthritis) Sex: M; Age: 64; Disease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM303360 Osteoarthritis, synovial membrane patient EB100 (Affymetrx U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB100 (osteoarthritis) Sex: F; Age: 71; Disease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM303361 Osteoarthritis, synovial membrane patient EB100 (Affymetrx U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB100 (osteoarthritis) Sex: F; Age: 71; Disease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM303362 Osteoarthritis, synovial membrane patient EB104 (Affymetrx U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB104 (osteoarthritis) Sex: F; Age: 80; Disease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM303363 Osteoarthritis, synovial membrane patient EB104 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB104 (osteoarthritis) Sex: F; Age: 80; Disease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM303370 Osteoarthritis, synovial membrane patient EB140 (U133A) Synovial membrane patient EB140 (osteoarthritis) Sex: F; Age: 66; Disease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.
Unassigned Unassigned GSM303377 Osteoarthritis, synovial membrane patient EB140 (U133B) Synovial membrane patient EB149 (osteoarthritis) Sex: F; Age: 66; Disease: Osteoarthritis No explicit case or control marker detected.

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Carry Siftome's disease, organism, specimen, assay, data type, and accession into a validation project. Uncertain fields remain Unknown.